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By Olga B. Semukhina, Kenneth Michael Reynolds

content material: EVOLUTION OF THE RUSSIAN POLICE: FROM THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN POLICE TO A POST-SOVIET RUSSIAN military The Russian Police sooner than the October Revolution of 1917 construction of the Ministry of inside Affairs and next Emergence of a Police forms in the course of the Reign of Alexander I and Nicolas I: 1801-1855 Police management throughout the Reform period: 1856-1881 Imperial Police in the course of the Counterreforms of Alexander III and Nicolas II: 1881-March 1917 Police improvement among the 2 Revolutions: March 1917-October 1917 23 The production and Early improvement of the Soviet Police: 1917-1953 The production of the Soviet armed forces of Peasants and employees; Its function in the course of the Civil warfare of 1917-1919 Policing through the New fiscal coverage (NEP) of 1921-1928 Transformation of the Soviet Police lower than Stalin (1930s-1953) additional Soviet Police advancements: 1953-1985 improvement of the Soviet Police after Stalin's demise: 1953-1964 Counterreform of the Soviet Police in the course of the overdue Nineteen Sixties and Stagnation in the course of the Early Nineteen Eighties (1964-1985) Transformation of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Police from 1985 to 2008 89 The Soviet Police less than Gorbachev: 1985-1991 Early improvement of the Post-Soviet Police less than Yeltsin: 1991-1999 improvement of the fashionable Russian Police lower than Putin: 1999-2008 present kingdom OF POST-SOVIET POLICE: constitution, identification, AND glossy coverage concerns constitution, functionality, and the staff of the trendy Russian Police The constitution of MVD firms MVD employer specialists team of MVD enterprises Public-Police family members in sleek Russia common Public perspectives of the Russian Police Crime charges, Victimization, worry of Crime, and make contact with with Police problems with Public-Police Cooperation in Russia Perceptions of law enforcement officials in Public-Police kinfolk Media and Public-Police kinfolk Police Corruption and Abuse of energy in Russia the final challenge of Police Corruption in Russia Underlying elements of Police Corruption in Russia universal kinds of Police Corruption in Russia Police Corruption and Ethnic Minorities research of recent Anticorruption Measures in Russia end: the trail to Reforms REFERENCES INDEX

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The emancipation reform did not provide land to serfs owned by private landlords, but instead gave it to the village community and their membership in the communes remained mandatory. This also restricted the mobility of peasants (Matthews, 1993). Further movement to the cities was regulated through passports, which were required for hunting trips of less than 30 versts,26 short-term trips (less than 6 month) over 30 versts, and long-term trips over 30 versts provided by the local police (Mulukaev, Malygin, and Epifanov, 2005).

These men were either too old or disabled to work as police representatives in the local peasant communities (Gonyukhov and Gorobtsov, 2002). Nicolas I, during the period from 1832 to 1837, attempted to increase city police officials’ salaries and urged the county gentry to provide suitable peasants for work as sotskye and tysyachnye. These measures proved inefficient. 1 Self-Governance Reform and Police Administration Tsar Alexander II, historically known as the “liberator,” conducted several important reforms of the Russian Imperial government.

Despite its limitations, the proposal creating the zemstvo had two important differences from the previous plans. First, it assumed for the first time that local police functions should be conducted in the name of the state and the autocratic Russian regime (tsar), as well as in the name of all other social groups represented through a local council. Though not all groups of Russian society were represented in the zemstvo due to the minimum property requirement in the proposal, it included social classes of merchants, clergy, and wealthy peasants that were previously disconnected from the local police administration.

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