By Richard S. Katz, Bernhard Wessels
This ebook examines the foremost difficulties and customers of the continued means of ecu integration by means of concentrating on the function of the eu and nationwide parliaments and their individuals. utilizing surveys between contributors of parliament on the eu point and in 11 member states, it bargains a "view from inside of" and new perception and solutions to institutional difficulties within the ecu Union and the so-called democratic deficit.
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Purely intergovernmental solutions are regarded as inadequate since national representatives may lack sufficient expertise. Therefore, strong emphasis is put on delegation 16 INTRODUCTION to more or less autonomous supranational institutions (Gatsios and Seabright 1989). Although the Amsterdam Treaty is strongly influenced by a parliamentary model, the extension of Union competencies in the fields of social regulations and, in particular, human health and consumer protection might bring the European Union closer to the regulatory model (Dehousse 1998).
These approaches emphasize associative or corporatistic forms of bargaining democracy (Verhandlungsdemokratie) (Benz 1998: 347): “The ‘democracy of organizations’ 14 INTRODUCTION tends to replace the democracy of citizens and their territorial representatives” (Andersen and Burns 1996: 230). Arguments for this kind of democracy as an alternative to the responsible party model are based either on the diagnosis that such structures already exist de facto or that majority rule cannot work at the European level since there is not one united demos.
2 The actual measure is the factors scores generated by a principal components analysis of these variables. 3% of the variance in the three variables. 3 Making Europeans? the Socializing Power of the European Parliament Mark N. Franklin and Susan E. Scarrow It often has been asserted or assumed that Members of the European Parliament, along with members of other institutions of the European Union, are more pro-European in outlook than other, national, elites (Duff 1994; Newman 1996). This assertion seems plausible in the light of reported current events, which tend to emphasize conflicts between national and European levels.