By Mo Mohitpour; Patricia Seevam; Kamal K. Botros; Brian Rothwell; Claire Ennis;
Pipeline platforms are anticipated to play an more and more vital position in transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from flue stacks to far-off fields for sequestration reasons or for stronger Oil restoration (EOR). The part diagram for a CO2 circulation is especially delicate to the extent of impurities, and this in flip impacts pipeline layout and the bounds during which CO2 pipelines will be operated, with no affecting the amenities layout in addition to supply stipulations. This e-book brings jointly the whole spectrum of layout and working wishes for a pipeline and community of amenities that will shipping CO2 containing impurities adequately, with out antagonistic influence on humans and the surroundings
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Extra resources for Pipeline transportation of carbon dioxide containing impurities
Sample text
Major events are the 1967 clean air act and the creation of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). · · · · · · · · 347 CE Earliest known oil wells drilled in China (use bamboo poles); 1594 Oil wells hand dug at Baku, Persia, up to 115 ft [35 m deep]; 1859 Colonel Drake Strikes Oil; 1862 Use of iron pipe for oil wells; 1865 The first oil pipeline in the USA; 1879 The First Trunkline in USA, Tidewater; 1905 Crude Oil Pipelines; 1917 Introduction of Enhanced Oil Recovery [48]; Figure 1-31. S. S. 2 Summary Status of CO2 Pipeline Technology · CO2 pipelining is mature and has been in existence since the early 1970s, mostly in the USA.
Oxygen (O2) is not generally expected to be present in the CCS stream but a limit is set based on the underground effects of O2 on EOR. Levels of both SO2 and NO2 in CO2 mixture are also limited from a health and safety perspective. The total volume of non-condensable gases (N2, H2, CH4, O2, Ar) is set to least affect the EOR process.
CO2 from natural underground sources which makes up some 95% to 96% world CO2 pipelines (some 7400KM), there is limited experience on pipeline transportation of CO2 with impurities. Besides, such an experience is further limited to a small range of impurities, and only single pipelines are involved. This is further explained below. “In the US, naturally occurring CO2 is routinely transported for considerable distances overland, although mostly through sparsely-populated regions, for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery (EOR).