By Beno?t Robyns, Christophe Saudemont, Daniel Hissel, Xavier Roboam, Bruno Sareni, Julien Pouget
This booklet offers with the administration and valuation of power garage in electrical strength grids, highlighting the curiosity of garage structures in grid functions and constructing administration methodologies according to synthetic intelligence instruments. The authors spotlight the significance of storing electricity, within the context of sustainable improvement, in ""smart cities"" and ""smart transportation"", and talk about a number of providers that storing electricity can bring.
Methodological instruments are supplied to construct an strength administration approach garage following a known strategy. those instruments are in accordance with causal formalisms, synthetic intelligence and specific optimization ideas and are awarded through the e-book in reference to concrete case studies.
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Electrical energy storage in transportation systems
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Sample text
8. 1. 10 includes two levels. Level 1 (N1) determines the reference power for the hybrid system represented depending upon the receiver: Ptotal_ref . If positive, this power must be absorbed by the hybrid system; if negative, the latter must return it to the DC bus. 2, which are activated depending upon the amount of power produced by the local generator: – when the latter supplies power and thus the current it delivers is different from zero (Igen ≠ 0), the DC bus voltage is maintained by the generator’s converter.
26. 29. For the moment, the membership functions of the variables of level N2 (Level 2 of supervision) are determined empirically. 27. 11. 30, where level N1 corresponds to mode detection: active if Igen ≠ 0, regenerative if Igen = 0. When an Igen current return towards the PMSG is not considered, the condition Igen ≠ 0, corresponds in the present case to a strictly negative Igen current. 28. 29. 30. 31, corresponding to a phase during which the generator does not produce power, identification of different states will initially depend on the value of the direct current bus voltage, Vbus.
Later in this chapter, the results obtained using this completely fuzzy-based supervisor (MP+VB strategy) are compared with those obtained, in particular, by using a supervisor that does not use fuzzy logic. 10. Membership functions For the first level of supervision N1, the membership functions to be determined are related to the three input variables Vbus , Igen and Stock_nive and the output variable Ptotal_ref. 3] Here, the variables are not subjected to normalization. It is convenient to represent the linguistic variable corresponding to each of these variables, using a set containing three different types of information, namely the name of the variable, its universe of discourse and the set of fuzzy characterizations which can be adopted by the fuzzy variable [ROB 15]: {Name of the linguistic variable, universe of discourse, set of characterizations} The terms used in the characterization of the variable are referred to as linguistic labels.