By N Heather, G Hallman
An important volume of the world's economic climate relies upon the overseas alternate of agricultural produce. For the manufacturing nations, a growing to be trouble is the aptitude financial and ecological harm that invasive species may cause. whereas threats may be reduced during the law of things possibly sporting invasive species, the impression of such regulations on foreign exchange must also be thought of. A stability needs to as a result be met that allows the move of produce whereas filtering out undesirable pests.Drawing at the author's wide event, the social and monetary implications of phytosanitary alternate boundaries are reviewed. This e-book bargains necessary and entire insurance of pest comparable limitations and techniques for his or her implementation.
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Additional resources for Pest Management and Phytosanitary Trade Barriers (Cabi Publishing)
Example text
The reliability of possible pest free production areas is of key importance in a pest risk assessment. Establishment and maintenance of pest free areas is the subject of ISPM 04 and 10 (IPPC, 2007) as discussed in Chapter 5 and elsewhere in this volume. Apart from countries with total pest free status for specific pests, in large countries such as USA, Canada, some South American countries and Australia, naturally occurring pest free production areas will be available for many commodities. These are likely to be geographically isolated and reliably maintainable by quarantine regulation and surveillance.
Managing Risk of Pest Introduction and Spread 31 Simulated laboratory experiments Relevant laboratory experiments are usually related to host susceptibility or determination of pest survival temperature and humidity thresholds representative of the new environment. Susceptibility of potential hosts from the new area can be tested in the laboratory but results are not always indicative of experience in the field. A standard for the determination of non-host status to tephritid fruit flies has been adopted by the Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC, 2005).
Efficacy of available disinfestation treatments Most modern disinfestation treatments have been assessed for efficacy as part of their technical development. 05. 9968% at CL 95% for fruit flies, or it may be determined on a case-by-case basis. Long-established treatments such as methyl bromide fumigation could have been approved in the past for use on the basis of extrapolation of efficacy experience from other products without further experimental evidence. Such treatments are at risk from 42 Chapter 4 being more severe than necessary.