By Michael L Johns, Einar O Fridjonsson, Sarah J Vogt, Agnes Haber, William Price, Peter Blümler, Daniel Holland, John van Duynhoven, Bruce Balcom, Eichii Fukushima, Martin Hurlimann, Anatoly Legchenko, Nan Sun, Michelle Espy, Andrew McDowell, Matthew Rosen,
There was a contemporary surge in advancements with recognize to cellular NMR and MRI structures, from which novel functions are beginning to emerge. those relatively least expensive structures let both for extra regimen use of NMR and MRI, in most cases for cloth quality controls, or they permit for the research of samples whose measurement and form precludes traditional NMR and MRI software. This e-book will, for the 1st time, summarise those contemporary advancements, spotlight the demanding situations dealing with cellular and usually low-field NMR and MRI and describe a number of functions. together with chapters on advertisement purposes in good logging and nutrition content material measurements, the broad appeal of this publication will fill a spot within the literature for NMR spectroscopists, analytical chemists and all these keen on dimension technological know-how in either and academia
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31,49,50 Job planning has also become a more critical process. It is essential to select acquisition parameters that ensure sensitivity over the entire range of anticipated properties while satisfying the logging requirements and constraints. 3 SNR and Spatial Resolution NMR well logging suffers in general from a low signal to noise ratio (SNR). Noise levels for NMR logging tools are typically reported in terms of “porosity units” (pu) of noise per echo for one phase cycle, or scan of the CPMG sequence.
Consequently, the range of the sensitivity function F can be large. 10. Also shown is a corresponding curve for the variation of antenna Q. The sensitivity function will also depend on temperature, requiring at least a second dimension to characterize F. Note that in the hypothetical example shown, the sensitivity function decays rapidly at high conductivity. 10 Schematic dependence of calibration function, F, and of antenna quality factor, Q, on borehole conductivity. NMR Well Logging 35 effect, as well as increased power requirements, limit the highest conductivity in which the NMR logging tool can operate.
Because fluid saturations may vary in the region close to the borehole, it is important that any comprehensive inversion model properly accounts for such spatial variation of the measured distributions. 14 Multifrequency NMR log data acquired in a test well, showing the variation in T2 distributions over a range from about 2 cm to 7 cm into the formation. 53 © 2002 Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. Reproduced with permission of SPE. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 15 Radial function Kr(T2) used in the inversion of multi-frequency NMR log data.