By Mary Kilbourne Matossian
This leading edge survey of worldwide heritage from earliest occasions to the current specializes in the position of 4 elements within the improvement of humankind: weather, communique and transportation expertise, medical advances, and the competence of political elites. Matossian strikes chronologically via fifteen ancient classes exhibiting how a number of of the causative components ended in major breakthroughs in human background. Shaping international heritage relies on unique learn and in addition attracts largely from the literature at the heritage of technology, expertise, weather, agriculture, and ancient epidemiology. This compelling research is gifted in a private kind and comprises reflections on how issues paintings and why they're vital.
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Additional resources for Shaping World History: Breakthroughs in Ecology, Technology, Science, and Politics (Sources and Studies in World History)
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The label Neolithic, which means "new stone age," is inappropriate for this period of early farming. " The more important change was a change in lifestyle from foraging (hunting and gathering) to settled agriculture and animal husbandry. The Origins of Agriculture Richard McNeish believes that there were four centers of pristine (original) agriculture: the Near East, the Andes, Mesoamerica, and the Far East. 1 There may have been a fifth center in Southeast Asia, but archaeologists have done relatively little work there.
Nile and Tigris-Euphrates Valleys Meanwhile, between 6,000 and 5,070 years ago, when the weather became more arid and cold on the desert margin of the Nile Valley, grazing animals did not thrive as before. So hunters were more attracted to the uncultivated land in the valley. This rich soil had accumulated during the preceding warm and wet period, when rivers such as the Nile often overran their banks, depositing silt on land instead of < previous page page_27 If you like this book, buy it! html[1/18/2011 7:01:47 PM] next page > page_28 < previous page page_28 next page > Page 28 carrying it to the sea.
G. , General History of Africa, vol. 2, pp. 300, 326, 385. 13. N. Anderson, The Food of China; Frederick J. Simmons, Food in China: A Cultural and Historical Inquiry. 14. , The Archaeology of Mainland Southeast Asia, pp. R. , p. 7. 15. S. Hawkins, Stonehenge Decoded. 16. Denise Schmandt-Besserat, Before Writing: From Counting to Cuneiform, vol. 1. 17. M. Adshead, Salt and Civilization; Robert P. Multhauf, Neptune's Gift: A History of Common Salt. 18. Robert Raymond, Out of the Fiery Furnace: The Impact of Metals on the History of Mankind.