By George Henry Hunt
This Elibron Classics version is a facsimile reprint of a 1858 version via G. Routledge & Co., London.
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Additional resources for Outram & Havelock's Persian Campaign
Sample text
Although the detailed history of Majapahit requires further research, it was clearly one of the greatest of Indonesian states. Its Islamised successors looked back upon it with pride and attempted to depict themselves as its dynastic successors. In the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, the influence of Majapahit throughout the archipelago began to decline. At the same time, a new Malay trading state arose in the western archipelago. The precise origins of Malacca are disputed. It appears that a prince of Palembang named Parameswara fled after the Majapahit attack in 1377 and eventually found his way to Malacca c.
In 1614 he defeated a Portuguese fleet at Bintan; in 1617 he took Pahang and carried offits Sultan Ahmad Syah; in 1620 Kedah was conquered; in 1623 he again sacked the Johor capital; in 1624/5 he took Nias. But in 1629 the expansionist campaigns ofIskandar Muda were brought to a halt by the Portuguese. It will be seen below that Java's greatest empire-builder, Sultan Agung, also received a setback at European hands in the same year. Iskandar Muda sent an expedition of several hundred ships against Malacca in 1629, and it was entirely devastated.
Its emergence as a centre ofisiamic learning is associated with Sunan Kudus, one of the nine walis, who is said to have been the fifth imam (head) of the mosque of Demak and a major leader of the campaign of 1527 against 'Majapahit' before moving to Kudus. The mosque of Kudus, which is notable both for the perseverance of pre-Islamic architectural forms such as Old Javanese split doorways and for its name al-Manar or al-Aqsa (like the mosque ofJerusalem), has the date AH 956 (AD 1549) inscribed over the milJrab (niche indicating the direction of Mecca for prayer).