By Dan L. Thrapp
Apacheria ran from the Colorado to the Rio Grande and past, from the good canyons of the North for 1000 miles into Mexico. the following, the place the elusive, phantomlike Apache bands roamed, lifestyles used to be as harsh, merciless, and pitiless because the nation itself. The conquest of Apacheria is an epic of heroism, combined with chicanery, false impression, and tragedy, on either sides.The author’s account of this crucial phase of Western American historical past comprises the Walapais struggle, an eyewitness file at the loss of life of the gallant lieutenant Howard B. Cushing, the well-known Camp provide bloodbath, basic Crook’s offensive in Apacheria and his problems with basic Miles, and the bold Apache leaders, together with Cochise, Delshay, large Rump, Chunz, Chan-deisi, Victorio, and Geronimo.
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XXXVII, No. 1 (January, 1962), 2042; Apache Ranching Below the Gila, 18411845, Arizoniana, Vol. III, No. 4 (Winter, 1962), 117; The Scalp Hunter in the Borderlands 18351850, Arizona and the West, Vol. VI, No. 1 (Spring, 1964) 522; The Scalp Hunt in Chihuahua1849, NMHR, Vol. XL, No. 2 (April, 1965) 11640; John Joel Glanton, Lord of the Scalp Range, The Smoke Signal, No. 6, Tucson, Westerners, Fall, 1962, pp. 916 (this issue also includes Ray Brandes, Don Santiago Kirker, King of the Scalp Hunters, 28); see also Mayne Reid, The Scalp Hunters, a novel based on Reid's experiences and observations in the Southwest from 1838.
Two years later Chihuahua formally offered one hundred pesos for a warrior's scalp, fifty for that of a woman, and twenty-five for a child's. The policy frankly sought extermination, evidence that genocide has widespread roots and was not a modern invention of a single nation. The policy was unwise quite aside from its moral failings, in that by the means chosen it could never prove decisive and served only to acerbate the situation. Two questions naturally occur: how many Apaches fell before the scalp hunters, and how did the whites, in adopting this cruel policy, rationalize the murder of their antagonists?
Santiago heard in 1881 that his half-brother was still alive and an interpreter at San Carlos. So I went to see him, he told Mrs. Kitt. I did not know him at first, but he looked very much like his sister, fair and grayish eyes. They called him Mickey Free. I do not know why. I tried to get him to come home, but he would never do it. 28 A Kentuckian, Bascom was graduated from West Point in 1858 and reached Buchanan in 1860. He was promoted to first lieutenant, Sixteenth Infantry, in May, 1861, and to captain in October.